This was a presentation delivered by Christopher Barnekov at a Lutheran Townhall Forum on Church-State Issues held May 15, 2010 at Concordia Theological Seminary. It was meant as a brief introduction to the discussion, and thus necessarily oversimplifies and generalizes a very complex history. It focuses mainly on Sweden, with some allusions to Denmark and Norway. Nonetheless, it provides some insight into the current situation in Scandinavia.